tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-41428932449201681262024-03-13T19:29:34.662-07:00Study World *you can win by shubstudy*Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger49125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-16755408896687620402012-12-28T02:30:00.001-08:002012-12-28T02:30:47.537-08:00Important bookmark: excavate your knowledge through us. Part-2<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;">We are again here with new important technical information websites only for my readers......</span><br />
http://www.uandistar.org/<br />
http://www.radartutorial.eu<br />
http://www.radartutorial.eu<br />
http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws<br />
http://www.citycollegiate.com<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0b5394;">there are more to come stay update.............</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-38277401376561251822012-09-03T23:28:00.001-07:002012-09-03T23:28:27.765-07:00When should you do MBA ? Directly after B.tech or Work and then ?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Many people in India and other places wonder when should they get MBA ? Some think : why waste and year, just get it right after B.Tech or any Bachelors degree. What is the correct decision ? I was one of those who used to always think like that : ” I should not waste time and get it right away”. But, luckily things did not work out and it is a very good thing I did not do it right away. I feel the importance when I am in classes discussing with fellow class mates</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">When should you ideally do MBA ?</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Ideally, you should at least work for 3 to 4 years and then start MBA.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What difference does it make ?</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Work experience makes a huge difference. I can not explain how important it is. Many concepts related to leadership, organization management, change management need work experience. You will not make much out of those classes if you do not have experience. For instance, the question would be: how did you deal with your team ? what conflicts did you encounter as a team manager or member. Think about it, if you have not worked, how would you know ? So, it is very much needed to have work experience.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What point in your career should you do MBA ?</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Ideally, MBA is recommended when you want to move into any leadership roles or you started a leadership role and need help to do well. The Golden rule is, you have to work for few years before doing MBA.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin-bottom: 1.571em; padding: 0px;">
<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">What to do in the first 3 years of work ?</strong></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
Well, if you are a business major you are fine. If not, it is a good idea to start preparing for MBA in year 2 by doing foundation classes and cracking your GMAT.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.983333587646484px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
In fact, most of the top ranked business schools require a work experience of 5 years or more. They know the importance of it. It is good to be a over achiever, but not ideal to get the most of your education.</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-26970193231202437572012-07-14T07:29:00.001-07:002012-07-14T07:29:56.556-07:00How to calculate the subnet number<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
number of total subnet created=2^x;x=like in class c we have 24 network bits in class c<br />
a/c to class c it should be 192.168.5.139/24<br />
255.255.255.00000000<br />
but insted of this we have<br />
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1<br />
1 1 1<br />
<br />
that is we have 192.168.5.139/27<br />
11111111.11111111.1111111.10001010<br />
with 3 extra bits<br />
<br />
anyway now you have to do conversion (in you head). Memorize this<br />
128 = 1<br />
192 = 2<br />
224 = 3<br />
240 = 4<br />
248 = 5<br />
252 = 6<br />
254 = 7<br />
255 = 8<br />
this will lead to 255.255.255.224<br />
2^3rd power = 8 bits available for network portion.<br />
8-3=5 bits are left for host portion.<br />
As for calculating your network numbers <br />
I had 5 of those here. 2^5 = 32. So every 32'nd number is my new network. <br />
0, 32, 64, 96, 128, 160, 192, and 224.<br />
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-15978005052450596162012-05-11T01:54:00.002-07:002012-05-25T03:54:12.244-07:00Aim Is Not A Subject<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Dear,<br />
"Na jane kis raah par chal diya,jo behta hi le gya" hi readers, i got admitted to school little early, at the age of 3 year,i was very taciturn and dont wann to live the home even for the 1 hour ,but the days passed and a schedule was build up in my subconscious mind that i have to spend my life by going to the school.In first class also called as learning stage, i remember we learn "<i>shabd kosh</i>" and "<i>alphabets</i>".As i grew younger,i got admitted to higher class,and new things comes and what was my job is to learn them all,as that time there is a spoon feeding stage so teacher focus on adding learning abity in the students.this was fine till 8th std. ,but as i got the admission in 9th class,there was no stage left behind and we repeate the same procedure of learning the things, the problems results in 11th std when we were told to select the secince or maths,but at that time we say"btana yar kya lena chahiye".<br />
You dont know but the day you enter the 9th class was your precious year of thinking your future aim,during the 11th std. you were so confused to decide this.And the same problem arises when you were sitting in an interview you make plastic aim infront of the pannel, there you may get succede but not in future life.Believe me its not your fault, its your school fault.If there would be proper session regarding your goal, your aim in life starting from school days there will be less unemployment and one field of education is not so rushed,as everyone have different thoughts.<br />
"sab bhed chall main chley ja rahey hai"<br />
there will not be such type of slogan if your school education pattern include "Aim" as an important subject.<br />
We are only responsible for those websites or pump-lets which says "12vi ke bad kya krey,hummarey pass aye or paye safalta ka sadhan" why we have covered our eyes,why we cant even see that we are so stupid that we ourself give birth to unemploynent.There is not any purpose left behind ,we become slaves,my question from all of you is that "Are you really enjoying your work and if no ,the person responsible for that is only you"<br />
Please help me to recommend this idea to education department of India,so that your child will not suffer from this situation. </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India30.445028 77.60837830.4176495 77.568896 30.4724065 77.647860000000009tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-74771982143453785222012-05-04T23:55:00.001-07:002012-05-04T23:55:35.820-07:00My college days<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eF-5EyIfX4E/T6TO5iwEmtI/AAAAAAAAAWw/ZdX2oJM8984/s1600/Movies.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eF-5EyIfX4E/T6TO5iwEmtI/AAAAAAAAAWw/ZdX2oJM8984/s320/Movies.jpg" style="clear: both; float: left; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px;" /></a><div style='clear:both; text-align:LEFT'><a href='http://picasa.google.com/blogger/' target='ext'><img src='http://photos1.blogger.com/pbp.gif' alt='Posted by Picasa' style='border: 0px none ; padding: 0px; background: transparent none repeat scroll 0% 50%; -moz-background-clip: initial; -moz-background-origin: initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: initial;' align='middle' border='0' /></a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-3737735268569961472012-05-01T06:59:00.000-07:002012-05-01T06:59:01.639-07:00I have a time do you?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
I was four year old when i first come to see the a fat man running on the wall and suddenly jumps in into the hollow pipe ,eat fresh vegetable and jump across the wall , i was fascinated to see that , i came home and tell that i too wann to go for playing these games but my mumma says that no!!!!! its just a wastage of time. tomorrow i go for the dinner in our campus restaurant and i saw there is a chain of these devices,many people were not in the verge of getting the food instead were busy in playing games on there so called multimedia touch phone.I suddenly realize the momentum of the advancement of technology, an instent came into my mind "kya hoga jab we have kids"???? i was totally mesmerized by the conjuncture.i saw the people as usuall not shouting for there chapati instead they are busy in getting the maximum scores. how fun???</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
does it really seems to be good "agar mere pass bhi ye gadget hota kya mai bhi esa hi kar rha hota??? i dont know but the view was so bizarre that hardly anyone noticing how much they had eaten the food .Now a days we even dont bother to talk about the fun taht we have during our first year of degree.I think we need to understand the fact that we have to be more precise on the human relationship rather to marry the angry birds.</div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-68921026760368214672012-04-27T13:03:00.000-07:002012-04-27T20:55:53.770-07:00jab we met with A2C Skills<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4HDsmEyCAE8/T5r7K3GCBuI/AAAAAAAAAVQ/irtHP6VP1PU/s1600/logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-4HDsmEyCAE8/T5r7K3GCBuI/AAAAAAAAAVQ/irtHP6VP1PU/s1600/logo.png" /></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">A2C Skills!!!! A name which has profound
meaning, but if you understand it , it will make your memories above worth. It
is a corporate training, IT service provider, Documentation and Recruitment company.
With more than 100 clients across India.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hP81uWp2Y00/T5r61J9fu-I/AAAAAAAAAVI/lpbJRjEUaaU/s1600/09d1d98.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hP81uWp2Y00/T5r61J9fu-I/AAAAAAAAAVI/lpbJRjEUaaU/s200/09d1d98.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">27apr,2012 it was the day when I
really comes to know about the company in real terms .There was the recruitment drive for the various position
including Technical writer,API writer, Software Application Developer, Web Developer,
Technical Recruiter, Instructional Designer . We were waiting for the interview,a
man Amit whom I met there an unknown guy , to share his experience regarding
the company presentation session ,he told me that it was something different
,he was mesmerized for the moment!!!, because earlier, he was confused in selecting his job profile, but then he told me that the way they come out through the ppt was
something like everybody thinks and i.e. `what the company want of me’???? and probably
he got the solution as a web developer. I
was watching him and the man, he was so into the talk that I cant even blink my
eye, he was enjoying the atmosphere we are sharing, So at that time i feel that
the thing that I missed, was really a thought boosting, motivating and way
finding.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">There were some more sitting
around , looking into their resume ,waiting for their turn, and four students
who were sitting silently ,I go across them and ask not to be so worry, lets share what you have
learn in ppt session. One of the girl sitting at corner sofa told me that there
is a 3 month training period and 1 year bond, with 2.5L CTC ,quite fascinating ,and
other told that they will go through via online project , no separated platform
will be provided.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">And i concluded that ,it is a first company which not only amplify their needs but also our interpersonal and technical skills too ,</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">So I can suggest that company has
very good present/ future scope, and I, wish to be a part of such an esteemed
organization where you will see your own soul and knowledge, and the way how to
implement that in a right manner.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span></div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-43306504119938330322012-03-21T04:23:00.001-07:002012-10-27T04:16:08.109-07:00How to crack job fare<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: large;">How to get success in job Fare?</span><br />
Dear friend first of all you should set up the following parameter.<br />
<div class="separator" style="border: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FGAQe8SThh8/T2mu1vkbaQI/AAAAAAAAASw/45qrKxJG0zw/s1600/images.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img aea="true" border="0" height="198" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FGAQe8SThh8/T2mu1vkbaQI/AAAAAAAAASw/45qrKxJG0zw/s200/images.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
just think what you want to do after 10 year weather you wann to join the <br />
software industry of wann to move to hardware part.<br />
<br />
Focusing on that particular abstarct you can decide which type of jobs you can apply and where the hard work is need.<br />
This is for sure if you think of sliding to a particular way the work itself pay you for your hard work.<br />
<br />
We are all engineering students and the companies which comes to every college are infosys and TCS in my campus infosys was the company which came for the recruitment and some of all were selected in the process but what about those who cant make it ??????<br />
The big question which comes to everyone mind is that what we should do now?????? i too experiance so much of it .<br />
I dont loose the hope i was like the neophyte but on the otherhand i was also helpless i was alone dont have the contacts with my senior at all, this was very difficult for me to choose the right path.<br />
I start attending job fare and attended about tens to teweles but nothing comes out ya i got the xeperiance but at my night sleep i think only that i was the unemployed.<br />
<div style="border: medium none;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RUF3XC1Cdgw/T2m5JyjDmyI/AAAAAAAAAS4/BYHgVyLioo4/s1600/jbhuj.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img aea="true" border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RUF3XC1Cdgw/T2m5JyjDmyI/AAAAAAAAAS4/BYHgVyLioo4/s1600/jbhuj.jpeg" /></a> Look friend you cant be a millianior in one night or a day , dont comes under the pressure that your other friends are placed , its fact we waste our lots of time thinking that our fellow are placed and we still in miseary, nothing comes out of it .</div>
<div style="border: medium none;">
<br /></div>
<div style="border: medium none;">
There are some tips that i wann to share with you :</div>
<div style="border: medium none;">
1) whenever you go for the job interview always check about the company profile.</div>
2) first step when you enter the job fair: search for the interviewer his name and<span style="color: blue;"> linkedin</span> it, its a professional site most of the well known employer have the account in it and check weather he or she belongs to the company you are applying for.<br />
<div style="border: medium none;">
3) <span style="color: red;">Reach in time most important.</span></div>
<div style="border: medium none;">
<span style="color: black;">4) Always make friends of that particular college whenever you go for fair.</span></div>
5) Take experiance of interview including BPO or Sales definitely add to you some quality.<br />
6) Be active and appear in all interview.<br />
7) Always keep updated copy of your<span style="color: blue;"> <span style="color: red;">resume</span>.</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">8) learn languages like c c++ java and most of it improve your </span><span style="color: red;">english.</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"> to be continued....................................</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-45884208526245918292012-03-16T07:09:00.003-07:002012-03-16T07:12:03.008-07:00PPT Dril<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: #6aa84f;">Presentation Templet's For You</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: #6aa84f;"><br /></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: #6aa84f;"><span style="background-color: white;">Hi friends its been seen that now a days the the art of expressing the work is going to be modern, people start using the modern technology ,and we too start opting that what we called it a power-point PPT .</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: #6aa84f;"><span style="background-color: white;">Everyone is aware of that and implement it for exposure,but the content they want to deliver was not in structured way it should be like the way it is start being processed.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: #6aa84f;"><span style="background-color: white;">The resign behind the lack of attention to your work is never get interpretive until it is not well structured.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: #6aa84f;"><span style="background-color: white;">So you must watch the templet's and analysis your mistakes. </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: #6aa84f;"><br /></span></span></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YihQFQGmkNs/T2NJifbCwhI/AAAAAAAAASg/zivGFKmmfmQ/s1600/Untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img aea="true" border="0" height="209" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YihQFQGmkNs/T2NJifbCwhI/AAAAAAAAASg/zivGFKmmfmQ/s320/Untitled.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="background-color: #6aa84f;"><span style="background-color: white;">http://www.mediafire.com/?d639oib38foinc1</span></span></span></span></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-64790163395925753652012-02-29T06:50:00.003-08:002012-02-29T06:53:20.822-08:00Cognitive Radio for emergency and public safety applications/wireless medical networks.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span><br />
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: -13.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Cognitive
radio, which is also referred to as dynamic spectrum</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">access technology or agile </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">radios that automatically find and access
un-used spectrum across different networks (licensed and un-licensed</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">including the features of optimization and
adaption)</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">can be beneficial when all
source of the communication are affected. Currently some companies are working
on implementation of</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: -13.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">cognitive radios that will work on TV broadcasting
bands in order to use the white space that is not of any use in the frequency
spectrum of the TV transmission channel, such type of</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> developments are expected to bring beneficial
methodologies and solutions to the problems of public safety and emergency case
communications, especially related to interoperability issues[2]. However, wide
range of opportunities introduced by the awareness, learning and intelligence features
of cognitive radios necessitate the reassessment of opportunities to the public
safety and emergency case communications from a more complementary aspect. One
aspect can be the development of applications that will lead to communicate,
locate and reach victims who are stuck in harassed condition one of them may be
psychosocial</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> risks of cardiovascular disease we integrated
on-the-body sensors with mobile therapies </span><span class="snippet"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">for</span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
"just-in-time" stress management. Breathing visualizations and </span><span class="snippet"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">cognitive</span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> reappraisal cues appeared on the cell phone when
a </span><span class="snippet"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">wireless</span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> ECG detected deviations from an
individuals' baseline heart rate variability. Reactions from participants
validated this concept and highlighted the need </span><span class="snippet"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">for</span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
a broader array of therapies and applications that could be shared within
relationships and communities. Now this strategy can be made marvelous if we
think of implementing an [4] intelligent software agent whose work is to output
the data in audio signal so that the use of the device became more easy. [1]</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
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</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">As we see
above a how with the help of cognitive radio the woman can check her mood ,the
mechanism behind the whole process is that the woman fixes</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">A wireless ECG detector on her body near
heart which </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">detects changes in stress
levels as measured by deviations in heart rate variability and triggers mobile
therapies and as a result she get the result in the audio form. This audio
output methodology can be implement on various aspect of our day to day life
and during the emergency and public safety applications like in forest fire,
hurricane etc. This is like, we are communicating with a device and it is
replying what we desire. This can may be consider as a substitute for the apple
‘siri’ but we can’t incorporate it completely as it is not possible to have a
data connection everywhere. Adding voice channels to the cognitive radio
revolutionaries the whole concept and reform it into an intelligent device. So
in this paper we will study how the voice option helps the cognitive radio in
order to excavating from the problems of the public safety.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">References:</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">[1] Margaret
Morris, Farzin Guilak :</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Mobile Heart Health: Project Highlight</span></span></h1>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">In </span><a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=7756"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Pervasive
Computing, IEEE</span></a><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> ,PP.57- 61 </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Date of Current Version : </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> 17 April 2009.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">[2] Ali Gorcin Huseyin Arslan : Public Safety and
Emergency Case Communications</span></span></h1>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">in:</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=4658210"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">New Frontiers in
Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2008. DySPAN 2008. 3rd IEEE Symposium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> Cognitive
Radio,PP 01-10</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> Date of Current Version
: </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> 24 October 2008.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">[3] SDR form ,</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Approved Document SDRF-06-P-0009-V1.0.0 </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">10
September 2008. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="Default" style="margin-left: -13.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">[4] B</span></span><a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/searchresult.jsp?searchWithin=Authors:.QT.Bradbury,%20D..QT.&newsearch=partialPref"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">radbury,
D.</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> , Software servants - [IT software] </span></span></h1>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -13.5pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">in:</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><a href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=10908"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Engineering
& Technology</span></a><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
PP 58-59 </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">Date of Current Version : </span></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;">
14 July 2009.</span></div>
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<br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-82840218639952997222012-02-15T03:21:00.000-08:002012-02-15T03:21:54.670-08:00Download Dictionary To Electronics Free<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eMmc1Ls1VOk/TzuVL77v03I/AAAAAAAAASE/FMalRP8PNms/s1600/dffgf.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-eMmc1Ls1VOk/TzuVL77v03I/AAAAAAAAASE/FMalRP8PNms/s320/dffgf.png" width="295" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">http://www.mediafire.com/?lgs3spmycsgp8cw</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Georgia", "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-84680230516436797642012-02-14T05:48:00.001-08:002012-02-14T05:48:42.539-08:00Remote Procedure Call (RPC) - Session Layer protocol<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 9.0pt; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Remote Procedure Call (RPC) - Session Layer protocol</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">Remote Procedure
Call (RPC) is a protocol which works in session layer of OSI model and in the
Application Layer of TCP/IP model. It is useful in developing network
applications which need services from a remote computer in the network. With
the help of Remote Procedure Call the programmer need not worry about the
complex structure of OSI layer.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #cc0000; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN; text-transform: uppercase;">WORKING OF REMOTE PROCEDURE CALL</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br />
<br />
<br />
</span><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">1. RPC is working as a client server
model</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">2. RPC uses different Authentication
methods to validate the client request.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">3. RPC protocol is independent of
transport layer protocols.</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;">4. RPC reuests can use both UDP and
TCP but prefer UDP format </span></b><span lang="EN-IN" style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;"><br />
<br />
In RPC the client issues requests for certain services from server through the
network.A client is a computer or process that accesses the services or
resources of another process or computer on the network. A server is a computer
that provides services and resources, and that implements network services.In
short the requesting program is a client and the service-providing program is
the server. According to the results of RPC authentication server may reject or
accept the request.</span></div>
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<br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-23228537278785494872012-02-02T03:29:00.000-08:002012-02-02T03:29:04.089-08:00555 and 556 Timer Circuits<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
<h1 style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="color: red;">555 Timer Circuits</span></h1>
<div>
<h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
Introduction</h3>
<table align="right" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="center"><img alt="555 circuit symbol" border="0" height="163" hspace="10" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/symbols/555timer.gif" vspace="10" width="222" /></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center"><small>Example circuit symbol (above)</small><small>Actual pin arrangements (below)</small></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center"><img alt="555 and 556 pins" border="0" height="354" hspace="10" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/555-556.gif" vspace="10" width="268" /></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center"><table cellpadding="5"><tbody>
<tr><td align="center" bgcolor="#ccffff"><small>There is more information about<br />555 timers and their circuits on the<br /><a href="http://www.eleinmec.com/" target="_blank">Electronics in Meccano</a> website.</small></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">The 8-pin 555 timer must be one of the most useful ICs ever made and it is used in many projects. With just a few external components it can be used to build many circuits, not all of them involve timing!</span><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
A popular version is the NE555 and this is suitable in most cases where a '555 timer' is specified. The 556 is a dual version of the 555 housed in a 14-pin package, the two timers (A and B) share the same power supply pins. The circuit diagrams on this page show a 555, but they could all be adapted to use one half of a 556.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
Low power versions of the 555 are made, such as the ICM7555, but these should only be used when specified (to increase battery life) because their maximum output current of about 20mA (with a 9V supply) is too low for many standard 555 circuits. The ICM7555 has the same pin arrangement as a standard 555.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
The circuit symbol for a 555 (and 556) is a box with the pins arranged to suit the circuit diagram: for example 555 pin 8 at the top for the +Vs supply, 555 pin 3 output on the right. Usually just the pin numbers are used and they are not labelled with their function.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
The 555 and 556 can be used with a supply voltage (Vs) in the range 4.5 to 15V (18V absolute maximum).</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
Standard 555 and 556 ICs create a significant 'glitch' on the supply when their output changes state. This is rarely a problem in simple circuits with no other ICs, but in more complex circuits a <b>smoothing capacitor</b> (eg 100µF) should be connected across the +Vs and 0V supply near the 555 or 556.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
The input and output pin functions are described briefly below and there are fuller explanations covering the various circuits:</div>
<ul style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<li><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/555timer.htm#astable">Astable</a> - producing a square wave</li>
<li><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/555timer.htm#monostable">Monostable</a> - producing a single pulse when triggered</li>
<li><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/555timer.htm#bistable">Bistable</a> - a simple memory which can be set and reset</li>
<li><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/555timer.htm#buffer">Buffer</a> - an inverting buffer (Schmitt trigger)</li>
</ul>
<b style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Datasheets</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> are available from:</span><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<li><a href="http://www.datasheetarchive.com/" target="_blank">DatasheetArchive.com</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.datasheets.org.uk/" target="_blank">Datasheets.org.uk</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/" target="_blank">DatasheetCatalog.com</a></li>
</ul>
<br clear="all" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;" /><hr style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;" />
<a href="" name="inputs" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span><h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
Inputs of 555/556</h3>
<img align="right" alt="555 circuit symbol" border="0" height="163" hspace="10" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/symbols/555timer.gif" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;" vspace="10" width="222" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #006600; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"><b>Trigger input:</b></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> when < </span><sup style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">1</sup><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">/</span><sub style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">3</sub><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> Vs ('active low') this makes the output high (+Vs). It monitors the discharging of the timing capacitor in an astable circuit. It has a high input impedance > 2M</span><img alt="ohm" border="0" height="11" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/ohm.gif" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;" width="12" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">.</span><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="color: #006600;"><b>Threshold input:</b></span> when > <sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub> Vs ('active high') this makes the output low (0V)*. It monitors the charging of the timing capacitor in astable and monostable circuits. It has a high input impedance > 10M<img alt="ohm" border="0" height="11" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/ohm.gif" width="12" />. <small><br />* providing the trigger input is > <sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> Vs, otherwise the trigger input will override the threshold input and hold the output high (+Vs).</small></div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="color: #006600;"><b>Reset input:</b></span> when less than about 0.7V ('active low') this makes the output low (0V), overriding other inputs. When not required it should be connected to +Vs. It has an input impedance of about 10k<img alt="ohm" border="0" height="11" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/ohm.gif" width="12" />.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<span style="color: #006600;"><b>Control input:</b></span> this can be used to adjust the threshold voltage which is set internally to be <sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub> Vs. Usually this function is not required and the control input is connected to 0V with a 0.01µF capacitor to eliminate electrical noise. It can be left unconnected if noise is not a problem.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
The <span style="color: #006600;"><b>discharge pin</b></span> is not an input, but it is listed here for convenience. It is connected to 0V when the timer output is low and is used to discharge the timing capacitor in astable and monostable circuits. </div>
<hr style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;" />
<a href="" name="output" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"></span><table align="right" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr><td align="center"><img alt="555 and 556 output sinking and sourcing" border="0" height="167" hspace="10" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/555leds.gif" vspace="10" width="184" /></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center"><img alt="connecting a loudspeaker to 555 and 556 outputs" border="0" height="114" hspace="10" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/555spkr.gif" vspace="10" width="174" /></td></tr>
<tr><td align="center"><img alt="555 and 556 output protection" border="0" height="303" hspace="10" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/555diode.gif" vspace="10" width="184" /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3 style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
Output of 555/556</h3>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">The output of a standard 555 or 556 can </span><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/ic.htm#sinksource" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">sink and source</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> up to 200mA. This is more than most ICs and it is sufficient to supply many output transducers directly, including LEDs (with a resistor in series), low current lamps, piezo transducers, loudspeakers (with a capacitor in series), relay coils (with diode protection) and some motors (with diode protection). The output voltage does not quite reach 0V and +Vs, especially if a large current is flowing.</span><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
To switch larger currents you can <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/trancirc.htm#ic">connect a transistor</a>.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
The ability to both sink and source current means that two devices can be connected to the output so that one is on when the output is low and the other is on when the output is high. The top diagram shows two LEDs connected in this way. This arrangement is used in the <a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/projects/levelc.htm">Level Crossing</a> project to make the red LEDs flash alternately.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
</div>
<h4 style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
Loudspeakers</h4>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">A loudspeaker (minimum resistance 64</span><img alt="ohm" border="0" height="11" src="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/images/ohm.gif" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;" width="12" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">) may be connected to the output of a 555 or 556 astable circuit but a capacitor (about 100µF) must be connected in series. The output is equivalent to a steady DC of about ½Vs combined with a square wave AC (audio) signal. The capacitor blocks the DC, but allows the AC to pass as explained in </span><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/capacit.htm#coupling" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">capacitor coupling</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">.</span><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
Piezo transducers may be connected directly to the output and do not require a capacitor in series.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
</div>
<h4 style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
Relay coils and other inductive loads</h4>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">Like all ICs, the 555 and 556 must be protected from the brief high voltage 'spike' produced when an inductive load such as a relay coil is switched off. The standard</span><a href="http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/components/relay.htm#protect" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">protection diode</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;"> must be connected 'backwards' across the the relay coil as shown in the diagram.</span><div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto;">
However, <span style="color: red;"><b>the 555 and 556 require an extra diode</b></span> connected in series with the coil to ensure that a small 'glitch' cannot be fed back into the IC. Without this extra diode monostable circuits may re-trigger themselves as the coil is switched off! The coil current passes through the extra diode so it must be a 1N4001 or similar rectifier diode capable of passing the current, a signal diode such as a 1N4148 is usually <b>not</b> suitable. </div>
</div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-66118305351645880122012-01-30T06:30:00.000-08:002012-01-30T08:41:00.229-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<dt><a add_date="1327507985" href="http://sarkaari.com/music/tracks.php?album_id=1392&cat_id" icon="data:image/png;base64,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">Album : Judaa By : AMRINDER GILL - Play or Download Punjabi Music - WWW.SARKAARI.COM</a>
</dt>
<dt><a add_date="1327578655" href="chrome://newtab/">New Tab</a>
</dt>
</dl>
</dt>
<dt><a add_date="1326686590" href="http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao/chemistry-videos-knol-book/2utb2lsm2k7a/4433#" icon="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAB4ElEQVQ4jYWSTWsTURSGnzsdSe1E2wiGUKlNBKGgYGkXVotYQQRdix8LF13oTisFf4Ag4soudNEfUIoFQRQ/lgrdSF0otGShgm2ZtCidhEnEpJmZe1zMpM1H075w4XLueR/OuecomnXv+1dEnUKhANBV0F741tH5j2cDVn260WC+++MjqMEtM4AyQXWAaPDcLm7PF+otZgNAMQbQnzCp+EIybuCWA1YdD5QCAZTqaQ+INDl2kEsD++lPmJyessOgyE6pTS1EmniVp1jRgLCY2wTCOyItoB0BAIctg195DyQI+68d9C6AKKm7E5Jxg5kvRZCA0UyM13eOcvlEPIJsq/EPonGdy1gIMP+zxM1hi+dXU2gR3i/tCytqD6iCUpxMmQRa09dt8PBKkvGZFVY3KvwulvcAiAcCo5kYWgvTN3p59GGdN982QqP2WwCNf6A90B5n0l28XSywnK8ycSG1FUf88LQHVDmbiRFozezCHx6/W8Eg4NpQYtusdwV4TF7sJdDCku0yt7BO2ReeXj/OpwfDjKStlgpapnB/NkvfoRi28xdEOP/kMyPHDpDNlcjm3D2nsGznvbTtlGoBbGeTl44b7UgA2l+rtyiadWuuAPSEK1tb3WgLdbDGi/Ej9en/AaXA46xzPQ/0AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC">Chemistry - Videos - Knol Book - a collection by Narayana Rao</a></dt>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-39734371250658511062011-12-19T04:00:00.000-08:002012-01-30T08:40:04.992-08:00Notch Filter<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">What is a Notch Filter?</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
<br />
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Problem:</span><br />
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">What is a Notch Filter?</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
<br />
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Solution:</span><br />
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">A Notch filter is a filter that passes all
frequencies except those in a stop band centered on a center frequency. A
closely related Knowledgebase item discusses the concept of the</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www-k.ext.ti.com/SRVS/Data/ti/KnowledgeBases/analog/document/faqs/q.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Q</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">of a filter. This
Knowledgebase item focuses on high Q notch filters - the type that eliminate a
single frequency or narrow band of frequencies. A closely related type of
filter - a</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www-k.ext.ti.com/SRVS/Data/ti/KnowledgeBases/analog/document/faqs/reject.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">band reject filter</span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">, is discussed in a
separate knowledgebase item. The amplitude response of a notch filter is flat
at all frequencies except for the stop band on either side of the the center
frequency. The standard reference points for the roll-offs on each side of the
stop band are the points where the amplitude has decreased by 3 dB, to 70.7% of
its original amplitude.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
<br />
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The -3 dB points and -20 dB points are
determined by the size of the stop band in relation to the center frequency, in
other words the</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www-k.ext.ti.com/SRVS/Data/ti/KnowledgeBases/analog/document/faqs/q.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Q</span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">of the filter. The Q
knowledgebase item will have additional information, but it is hard to talk
about the roll-off points of a notch filter without defining the Q, which is
the center frequency divided by the bandwidth. In the case of the figure below:</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
<br />
<br />
</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 13.5pt;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">The
-3 dB points are at about 1 kHz and 100 kHz for a Q of 0.1 and a center
frequency of 10 kHz. At one tenth the bandwidth, approximately 600 Hz and
1.6 kHz, the amplitude is down 20 dB.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 13.5pt;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">The
-3 dB points are at about 600 Hz and 1.6 kHz for a Q of 1 and a center
frequency of 10 kHz. The -20 dB points, however, are not marked because
they are so close to the center frequency.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 13.5pt;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">The
response of the bandpass filter with a Q of ten is also shown. The -3 dB
points, however, are not marked because they are so close to the center
frequency - the same place as the -20 dB for a Q of 1.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">So -
what is the ultimate limit? Does this mean that any Q is possible?
Unfortunately, no. At very high Q values, the response of the circuit will
begin to have overshoot and undershoot that will destroy the integrity of
the notch. The frequency that was supposed to be rejected may actually be
amplified.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nkUdsmyq2e0/Tu8nL_rVMfI/AAAAAAAAAOk/fsTW9K6s1fY/s1600/noa.png" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: white; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="187" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nkUdsmyq2e0/Tu8nL_rVMfI/AAAAAAAAAOk/fsTW9K6s1fY/s320/noa.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"><a href="http://www-k.ext.ti.com/SRVS/Data/ti/KnowledgeBases/analog/document/faqs/notcha.gif"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%; text-decoration: none;"></span></a></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
<br />
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The phase response of a notch filter shows the
greatest rate of change at the center frequency. The rate of change becomes
more rapid as the Q of the filter increases.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The group delay of a notch filter is greatest at
the center frequency, and becomes longer as the Q of the filter increases.</span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">A common misconception of notch filter
design:</span></b></span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;">Many
people think that the higher the Q, the deeper the notch. This is not true. The
depth of the notch depends on the matching of components. The Q affects only
the location of the -3 dB points, the stop band bandwidth. If the diagram above
showed Q values of 0.01 and 0.001, the - 3 dB points would move outward, and
the diagram would show a characteristic -20 dB per decade slope until the
vicinity of the center frequency. Near the center frequency, the response would
curve downward to the center frequency. A first order band rejection frequency
would be created, but the response would only be first order with a sharp notch
at the center frequency. This is not very useful, the designer would be far
better off designing a</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www-k.ext.ti.com/SRVS/Data/ti/KnowledgeBases/analog/document/faqs/reject.htm"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;">band reject filter</span></a></span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 115%;">.</span></span></div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-16042947948251238512011-12-17T08:46:00.000-08:002011-12-17T08:48:07.953-08:00Image Compression And Segmentation<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: large;"><b>IMAGE COMPRESSION</b></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l4qnRpcePsE/TuzF3K4VvcI/AAAAAAAAAN8/5aWUM9cxL8E/s1600/er1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l4qnRpcePsE/TuzF3K4VvcI/AAAAAAAAAN8/5aWUM9cxL8E/s1600/er1.png" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ndk5JQG251s/TuzFteE64KI/AAAAAAAAANs/fXYQ5clDGT8/s1600/er2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ndk5JQG251s/TuzFteE64KI/AAAAAAAAANs/fXYQ5clDGT8/s1600/er2.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k8YG3h4Venk/TuzFuJr0Z0I/AAAAAAAAAN0/hjrgp5Foe0E/s1600/er3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k8YG3h4Venk/TuzFuJr0Z0I/AAAAAAAAAN0/hjrgp5Foe0E/s1600/er3.png" /></a></div>
<b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> OTHER METHOD</span></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t3SnKKRuuXc/TuzHPnKR0lI/AAAAAAAAAOU/yTDtGwFbsKk/s1600/ot1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t3SnKKRuuXc/TuzHPnKR0lI/AAAAAAAAAOU/yTDtGwFbsKk/s1600/ot1.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BzvHcq0rMe4/TuzHRbHs_GI/AAAAAAAAAOc/KogJqVnzyow/s1600/ot2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BzvHcq0rMe4/TuzHRbHs_GI/AAAAAAAAAOc/KogJqVnzyow/s1600/ot2.png" /></a></div>
<b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> </span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> REGION EXTRATION</span></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yMqhK1XnJWo/TuzGUjrjMVI/AAAAAAAAAOE/vHC1qN2dcYs/s1600/sd.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yMqhK1XnJWo/TuzGUjrjMVI/AAAAAAAAAOE/vHC1qN2dcYs/s1600/sd.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> PIXEL BROAD APPORACH</span></b>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<b style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qmo-nzm5CNw/TuzGWUKGGBI/AAAAAAAAAOM/ilULdHKgsos/s1600/sd1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-qmo-nzm5CNw/TuzGWUKGGBI/AAAAAAAAAOM/ilULdHKgsos/s1600/sd1.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"> </span></b></div>
<div>
<b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-142382252241502662011-12-14T20:13:00.000-08:002011-12-14T20:13:03.297-08:00Pentium introduction & 8086 MN/MX<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: purple;">Pentium introduction & 8086 MN/MX</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?82fzoae4uzqth9w">http://www.mediafire.com/?82fzoae4uzqth9w</a> PENTIUM<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dQ695a8TBdM/TulzqFXWJzI/AAAAAAAAANk/udy7A5S4k2Y/s1600/M.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-dQ695a8TBdM/TulzqFXWJzI/AAAAAAAAANk/udy7A5S4k2Y/s1600/M.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?rsfosmq57dpb64g">http://www.mediafire.com/?rsfosmq57dpb64g</a> 8086</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-24553376851381494882011-12-11T23:30:00.001-08:002011-12-11T23:33:09.838-08:00AVALANCHE TRANSIST TIME DEVICES<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: large;">AVALANCHE TRANSIST TIME DEVICES</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-O-Yw8JCe94I/TuWt_AdBEVI/AAAAAAAAANc/9o2hH1oGhxk/s1600/untitled.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="221" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-O-Yw8JCe94I/TuWt_AdBEVI/AAAAAAAAANc/9o2hH1oGhxk/s400/untitled.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
REFERENCE:-<br />
<a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?7q8eam3q2bt397q">http://www.mediafire.com/?7q8eam3q2bt397q</a></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-31950181163651267642011-12-08T10:51:00.001-08:002011-12-08T10:53:14.653-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;">Modes Of Propagation In Fiber</span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;">Splices And Connector</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">copy in new tab the below link</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">http://www.mediafire.com/?4cqqxsn3a318yp3</span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-90304686000400527982011-12-07T22:49:00.001-08:002011-12-07T22:52:29.280-08:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: purple; font-size: large;">PHOTONIC NETWORK AND POWER DIVIDER/COMBINER</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pNHigB3-JIg/TuBejDNXMrI/AAAAAAAAANM/YKymswleR58/s1600/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pNHigB3-JIg/TuBejDNXMrI/AAAAAAAAANM/YKymswleR58/s1600/download.jpg" /></a></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><br /></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-size: large;">http://www.mediafire.com/?dhysn99k8l1si9v</span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">JAVA COMPLETE REFERENCE</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">http://www.mediafire.com/?un4jn53rfgvpltc</span></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-22130241746172070762011-12-06T09:20:00.001-08:002011-12-06T09:22:40.042-08:00Associative Memory<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<strong><span style="background-color: #f6b26b; color: darkblue;">Associative Memory</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f6b26b;">Also called as Content-addressable memory (CAM), associative storage, or associative array</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f6b26b;">Content-addressed or associative memory refers to a memory organization in which the memory is accessed by its content (as opposed to an explicit address).</span></div>
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<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 1px 0.35em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.15em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.15em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 1.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 1.2em; margin-top: 0.6em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: #f6b26b;">It is a special type of computer memory used in certain very high speed searching applications.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f6b26b;">In standard computer memory (random access memory or RAM) the user supplies a memory address and the RAM returns the data word stored at that address.</span></div>
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<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 1px 0.35em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.15em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.15em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 1.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 1.2em; margin-top: 0.6em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: #f6b26b;">In CAM the user supplies a data word and then CAM searches its entire memory to see if that data word is stored anywhere in it. If the data word is found, the CAM returns a list of one or more storage addresses where the word was found.</span></div>
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<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 1px 0.35em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.15em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.15em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 1.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 1.2em; margin-top: 0.6em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: #f6b26b;">CAM is designed to search its entire memory in a single operation.</span></div>
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<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 1px 0.35em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.15em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.15em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 1.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><div align="justify" style="margin-bottom: 1.2em; margin-top: 0.6em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">
<span style="background-color: #f6b26b;">It is much faster than RAM in virtually all search applications.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f6b26b;">An associative memory is more expensive than RAM, as each cell must have storage capability as well as logic circuits for matching its content with an external argument.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f6b26b;">Associative memories are used in applications where the search time is very critical and short.</span></div>
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<li style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 1px 0.35em; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 0.15em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.15em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; padding-left: 1.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #f6b26b;">Associative memories are expensive compared to RAMs because of the add logic associated with each cell.</span></li>
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</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-43208702415966952722011-12-05T10:06:00.001-08:002011-12-05T10:14:06.912-08:00Rake Receiver<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span></b><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;">RAKE Receiver</span></b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15pt;"><br />
</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Definition: </span></b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">A receiver technique
which uses several baseband correlators to individually process several signal
multipath components. The correlator out-puts are combined to achieve improved
communications reliability and performance.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Rake Receiver<br />
<br />
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Application:</span></b><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"> In IS-95, both
the base station and mobile receivers use RAKE receiver techniques. Each
correlator in a RAKE receiver is called a RAKE-receiver finger. The base
station combines the outputs of its RAKE-receiver fingers noncoherently. i.e.,
the outputs are added in power. The mobile receiver combines its RAKE-receiver
finger outputs coherently, i.e., the outputs are added in voltage. At the time
of this writing, mobile receivers had 3 RAKE-receiver fingers and base station
receivers had 4 or 5 depending on the equipment manufacturer. There are two
primary methods used to combine the RAKE-receiver finger outputs. One method
weights each output equally and is, therefore, called equal-gain combining. The
second method uses the data to estimate weights which maximize the
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of the combined output. This technique is known as
maximal-ratio combining. In practice, it is not unusual for both combining
techniques to perform about the same.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Rake
Receiver<br />
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</span></b><b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Example: </span></b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">The
word "RAKE" is not an acronym and, in fact, is not always capitalized
as it is in this writing. RAKE derives its name from its inventors Price and
Green in 1958. When a wideband signal is received over a multipath channel, the
multiple delays appear at the receiver as depicted in the figure below. By
attaching a "handle" to the plot of the multipath returns, a picture
of an ordinary garden rake is created. It is from this picture that the RAKE
receiver gets its name.<br />
<br /></span></div>
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</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-10367025694721196672011-12-05T00:15:00.001-08:002011-12-05T00:18:51.031-08:00Spread spectrum technique<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="http://books.google.co.in/books?id=in_RiIkIYtoC&pg=SA5-PA3&lpg=SA5-PA3&dq=spread+spectrum+digital+communication&source=bl&ots=w-S9opBfGm&sig=wVou-fb4P80c9Cb7V9R2-9LmJz8&hl=en&ei=MXfcTvqeCMvMrQf-8uChCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&sqi=2&ved=0CG0Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=spread%20spectrum%20digital%20communication&f=false">http://books.google.co.in/books?id=in_RiIkIYtoC&pg=SA5-PA3&lpg=SA5-PA3&dq=spread+spectrum+digital+communication&source=bl&ots=w-S9opBfGm&sig=wVou-fb4P80c9Cb7V9R2-9LmJz8&hl=en&ei=MXfcTvqeCMvMrQf-8uChCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&sqi=2&ved=0CG0Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=spread%20spectrum%20digital%20communication&f=false</a>
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</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4142893244920168126.post-90976765116407111872011-11-22T03:12:00.001-08:002011-12-01T06:24:11.250-08:00Digital Image Processing<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">Dip (the whole reference)</span></div>
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